Solar flares create a massive electromagnetic explosion in the upper solar atmosphere.
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Other physicists discerned that properties of the solar atmosphere could be determined from them.
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The drag from the solar atmosphere may cause the orbit of the Moon to decay.
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This is lower bounded by the solar atmosphere.
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Magnetic reconnection occurs during solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and many other events in the solar atmosphere.
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The turbulent behavior of the outer solar atmosphere soon became the primary subject of research at the Einstein Tower.
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A main focus of the TRACE instrument is the fine structure of coronal loops low in the solar atmosphere.
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A coronal loop is magnetic flux fixed at both ends, threading through the solar body, protruding into the solar atmosphere.
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It also produces data to enable estimates of the coronal magnetic field for studies of variability in the extended solar atmosphere.
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Schmelz's research focus is heliophysics, specifically investigating the coronal heating problem as well as the properties and dynamics of the solar atmosphere.